![]() ![]() This process is facilitated through the ingress of water, CO 2 and other chemical substances such as SO 4 and NO 3 -, among others ( De Muynck et al., 2008 Jonkers et al., 2010 Dhami et al., 2014 Achal and Mukherjee, 2015 Bundur et al., 2015 Verma et al., 2015), aids in self-healing and improves the physical and mechanical properties of the concrete structure. Bioconcrete production is based on the addition of bacteria with the ability to induce the formation of minerals (biomineralization) from the cement matrix. In the last two decades, incorporation of a bacterial metabolic process known as Microbially Induced Calcium Carbonate Precipitation (MICP) has emerged as an alternative method to reduce the cost and environmental impact. Although the global cost of concrete production ranges between € 60/m 3 to € 75/m 3, the average cost for crack repair in Europe is about € 130/ m 3 ( Silva et al., 2015), which reveals the high cost involved in the maintenance and repair of concrete structures. These factors cause microcracks formation, which affect mechanical and durability properties of concrete such as compressive strength, flexural strength, and permeability, consequently reducing the useful life of concrete ( Achal and Mukherjee, 2015) and increasing the cost of the maintenance and repair of infrastructures. Increase in consumption of concrete is a consequence of the susceptibility of infrastructures to physical, chemical and biological factors such as temperature variations, exposure to corrosive and radioactive substances, aggressive gases, natural disasters, and microbial activity ( Jroundi et al., 2010 Narayanasamy et al., 2010 Achal et al., 2016 Siddique et al., 2016 Turick and Berry, 2016 Van Tittelboom et al., 2016). The industrial process involved in cement production from lime (precursor of concrete), consumes between 2 and 3% of the global energy demand, generating 0.73–0.99 t CO 2/t of cement produced, which accounts for about 8–10% of the global anthropogenic emissions of CO 2 and 3.4% of the total CO 2 global emissions ( Achal et al., 2016 Aprianti, 2017 Miller et al., 2018). Annually, more than 10 billion tons of concrete are used at a global level and experts have predicted that the concrete demand is likely to grow to 16 billion tons in 2050 The current technology employed by the construction industry generates a negative impact on the global environment and economy. It is clearly evident that microbiological and molecular components are essential to improving the process and performance of bioconcrete.Ĭoncrete is the most used construction material due to its resistance, durability and low cost in comparison to other construction materials. Catalytic activity of these two enzymes depends on diverse parameters, which are currently being studied under laboratory conditions to better understand the biochemical mechanisms involved and their regulation in microorganisms. MICP by urea hydrolysis is induced by a series of reactions driven by urease (Ur) and carbonic anhydrase (CA). Among the metabolic processes mentioned above, urea hydrolysis is the most applied in concrete repair mechanisms. Bioconcrete is a promising sustainable technology which reduces negative environmental impact caused by CO 2 emissions from the construction sector, as well as in terms of economic benefits by way of promoting a self-healing process of concrete structures. Currently, MICP directed by urea hydrolysis, denitrification, and dissimilatory sulfate reduction has been reported to aid in the development of bioconcrete and has demonstrated an improvement in the mechanical and durability properties of concrete. Some of the major metabolic processes involved in MICP at different levels are urea hydrolysis, denitrification, dissimilatory sulfate reduction, and photosynthesis. MICP is an outcome of metabolic interactions between diverse microbial communities with organic and/or inorganic compounds present in the environment. MICP is a widespread biochemical process in soils, caves, freshwater, marine sediments, and hypersaline habitats. ![]() ![]() In this review, we discuss microbiological and molecular concepts of Microbially Induced Calcium Carbonate Precipitation (MICP) and their role in bioconcrete. 2Facultad de Ingeniería, Ciencias y Arquitectura, Unidad Gomez Palacio, Universidad Juárez del Estado de Durango, Durango, Mexico.1Laboratorio de Biorremediación, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Coahuila, Torreón, Mexico.María José Castro-Alonso 1, Lilia Ernestina Montañez-Hernandez 1, Maria Alejandra Sanchez-Muñoz 1, Mariel Rubi Macias Franco 1, Rajeswari Narayanasamy 2 * and Nagamani Balagurusamy 1 * ![]()
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![]() ![]() Help your drivers get from point A to Z faster and safer North and Southbound SR-395 (7.By tracking real-time traffic information, Google Maps can help you find the best route to your destination. North and Southbound SR-395 (6.4 mi N of Jct 203) | MAP North and Southbound SR-395 (10 mi N of Independence) | MAP North and Southbound SR-395 (17 mi S of Jct Rte 395/190) | MAP I-280 (Near San Francisco Reservoir) | MAPĮast and Westbound SR-299 (3.9 mi E of Montgomery Creek) | MAPĮast and Westbound SR-299 (3 mi E of Salyer) | MAPĮastbound SR-299 (5 mi E of Weaverville) | MAP North and Southbound US-199 (3 mi S of Oregon State line) | MAP North and Southbound US-111 (2.5 mi S of Calipatria) | MAP Southbound US-101 (10.5 mi S of Laytonville) | MAP Northbound US-101 (7.9 mi S of Laytonville) | MAP Northbound US-101 (2.5 mi S of Cummings) | MAP Northbound US-101 (North end of Golden Gate Bridge) | MAP Southbound US-101 (3.1 mi S Patricks Pt UC) | MAP Northbound US-101 (0.9 mi S Patricks Pt UC) | MAP Southbound US-101 (near South end of Gaviota Tunnel) | MAP Northbound US-101 (near South end of Gaviota Tunnel) | MAP Southbound SR-99 (2.3 miles South of Turlock) | MAP Northbound SR-99 (2.3 miles South of Turlock) | MAP North & Southbound SR-99 (at Dodge Ave near Kings River) | MAP Southbound SR-99 (2.5 miles North of Tipton) | MAP Northbound SR-99 (2.5 miles North of Tipton) | MAP Westbound SR-70 (3.9 miles West of Portola) | MAPĮast & Westbound US-97 (19.8 miles North of Weed) | MAP Westbound SR-58 (3.9 miles West of Boron) | MAPĮast & Westbound SR-70 (6.5 miles East of Quincy) | MAP I-15 (26 mi W of Nevada State Line) | MAPĮast and West bound SR-44 (28 miles Northwest of Susanville) | MAPĮast and West bound SR-44 (3.1 miles East of Shingletown) | MAPĮast and West bound SR-46 (0.9 miles East of Route 41 West) | MAPĮastbound SR-58 (3.9 miles West of Boron) | MAP Westbound I-10 (15 miles East of Indio)) | MAPĮastbound I-10 (15 miles West of Blythe) | MAP Westbound I-10 (1 mile West of Whitewater) | MAPĮastbound I-10 (15 miles East of Indio) | MAP Westbound I-10 (3 miles West of Beaumont) | MAPĮastbound I-10 (1 mile West of Whitewater) | MAP Westbound I-8 (6 mi W of El Centro) | MAPĮast & Westbound I-8 (20 mi W of Arizona State Line) | MAPĮastbound I-10 (1 mile West of Calimesa) | MAP Southbound I-5 (4.4 mi N of Red Bluff) | MAPĮastbound I-8 (3.3 mi E of Pine Valley) | MAPĮastbound I-8 (6 mi W of El Centro) | MAP Southbound I-5 (0.5 mi N of Dunnigan) | MAP Southbound I-5 (0.9 mi S of San Joaquin Co. Southbound I-5 (0.7 mi North of Fresno County line) | MAP Southbound I-5 (1.2 mi North of Lassen Ave) | MAP ![]() Southbound I-5 (2 mi North of 58 interchange) | MAP Southbound I-5 (3.5 mi North of Gorman) | MAP Southbound I-5 (5.8 miles North of Oceanside) | MAP Northbound I-5 (4.4 mi N of Red Bluff) | MAP O'Brien Rest Area - Northbound I-5 (15 mi N of Redding, Shasta County) | MAP Northbound I-5 (0.5 mi N of Dunnigan) | MAP Northbound I-5 (0.9 mi S of San Joaquin Co. Northbound I-5 (0.7 mi North of Fresno County line) | MAP Northbound I-5 (1.2 mi North of Lassen Ave) | MAP Northbound I-5 (2 mi North of 58 interchange) | MAP Northbound I-5 (3.5 mi North of Gorman) | MAP Northbound I-5 (5.8 miles North of Oceanside) | MAP Get complete California Rest Area facility infomation by Clicking on the Rest Area Links below. Click the links below for detailed California Rest Areas information. Just keep in mind that some will be closed due to the Winter Season or for maintenance needs, its best to have a alternate They are maintained and funded by Caltrans. Many have roadside rest area facilities such as rest rooms, water, picnic tables, phone, handicapped access, RV station (dumping), food vending, a pet area and even some with cigarette ashtray dumps. California rest areas have a lot of diveristy. ![]() ![]() Melting everything together over a medium low heat can take awhile, so if you use a stock pot and has a large surface area, it will help things move a little quicker. Made with non-GMO ingredients, it is vegan friendly and contains no artificial colors, no flavors, and no preservatives. Make sure you use a large enough pot when you make this. Lotus Biscoff cookie butter has a unique and surprising taste that brings variety to your table, whenever you enjoy a slice of bread or toast.Meltingly tender like traditional shortbread, these Butter Pecan Cookies. I like to use the bits because then you don’t have to unwrap them, and I find the melt a little quicker. Butter Pecan Cookies are easy to make at home with just a few simple ingredients. Kraft caramels that are wrapped or the caramel bits work great in this recipe.It will just make your life a lot easier if you don’t have to scrape them off a baking tray. You can use parchment paper or a silicone liner, it doesn’t really matter. ![]() Then use a large spoon to mix in the cake mix to create the cookie batter. The bottoms of these cookies are sticky, so you really want to make sure you use a lined baking sheet. First beat the eggs and oil together with a whisk.Just grab a cookie scoop and a Taste of Home baking sheet, and youre only minutes. If you want even more chocolate flavor you can use cocoa krispie cereal! This original Toll House cookie recipe from Nestl evokes pleasant.Butter Crunch cookies are available in three and six packs, and also in select Tate’s Bake Shop gifts. Immediately press 1 milk chocolate candy in center of each cookie. So I prefer to just melt it into the cookie. 1 Total Sort By Butter Crunch Cookies 18 (98) Reviews Quick Add You've reached the end of the item. Bake 8 to 10 minutes or until edges are light golden brown. ![]() ![]() Combine the flour, baking powder and baking soda gradually add to the creamed mixture and mix well. If you want to be very traditional you could try that, but it is a whole lot more work. Directions In a large bowl, cream butter and confectioners' sugar until light and fluffy. Butter Sugar Vanilla Eggs Lemons Salt Baking powder Baking soda Flour Powdered sugar Award Winning Lemon Crinkle Cookies Yield: 2 dozen Prep Time: 15 minutes Cook Time: 10 minutes Total Time: 25 minutes These soft and chewy cookies are bursting with lemon flavor. ![]() ![]() well, i tried them separately and they worked, but i want a single stack performing all the functions, and here tow separate stacks are being created. If you only pass in the head pointer any local update you make to that pointer will not be seen by the caller. hi, i tried implementing the stack with pop front, pop back ,push front and push back functions. C is 'Call by value' meaning copies of parameters are passed into functions. Stack can be implemented using Arrays and LinkedLists. Operations on Stack occur only at one end called as the TOP of the stack. So now we have two variables pointing to the same address.Įven if, in any case, this code was meant to say, new_node = head.prev, that also does not make sense, because the head.prev will be null at this point, and new_node will then point to a null. The standard way to handle linked lists in C is to have the push and pop functions automatically update the head pointer. A Stack is a Linear Data Structure in which Operations are performed in a specific order known as LIFO (Last In First Out) or FILO (First In Last Out). This doesn't even make sense because the variable 'head' will also hold new_node. Your typedefs should be: typedef struct stackNode StackNode typedef StackNode StackNodePtr No idea why you're against using typedef - it tends to make the code a lot more readable. Elements can be pushed or popped from one end only. Stack supports operations such as push, pop, size, peek, and is Empty. In a doubly linked list, each node contains two links the first link points. Stack can be represented using nodes of a linked list. push() function is used to insert new elements into the Stack and pop(). on the heap) and the functions local variables get pushed onto the stack. Stack is a linear data structure that follows the Last in, First Out Principle (LIFO). The variable head.prev will now hold new-node. This line: typedef struct StackNode StackNodePtr is wrong by the way. Adding data is called pushing onto the stack, and removing data is called. Right here, it appears to me that it's storing the address of the new_Node into the variable head.prev. This is a code that adds a node at the front of the doubly linked list. ![]() ![]() ![]() * If a crew member becomes a Tourist due to lack of supplies, returning them to Kerbin, or placing them in a medical bay will make them revert to their actual profession. Again, by default, they will convert into Tourists when they run out of supplies. * Crews need supplies to keep them alive. Essentially, if you give your kerbals too little room to move around in and no creature comforts, they will go on strike after a period of time and refuse to work (become Tourists). This means additional crew cabins and special habitat modules to stop your Kerbals going stir-crazy. MKS adds two things you need to worry about: This adds a significant level of challenge to KSP, and isn't recommended for the starting player - if you're comfortable being able to send 40 ton payloads to other planets though, this may be ideal for you, as this opens a whole new game. If you then make the mission larger, you can start building a self-sufficient colony that can produce its own rockets and new Kerbals being born in-situ. This means that you're no longer just doing exploration missions - you're going to stay at least for a while, and you have to worry about life support. They can be supplemented with Planetary Base Systems and Extra Planetary Launchpads. Roverdude's MKS suite of mods allow colonisation of other planets and moons. Here's my notes on USI LS - I've not used TAC or the others so can't comment on those: Life support is what you make of it, not necessarily a lead weight. I've also seen other people do things like use complicated and slow slingshot trajectories to preposition return supplies, with the Kerbal sent later on a much more direct trajectory. Given me reason to schedule double moon missions for transfer windows. ![]() Just now realized that drill theoretically makes water replenishment redundant. In my game (which has some MM patches I made myself), some of what I've done:Īdd reversible H2O H2 + 1/2 O2 fuel cells to a planetary base to last through a 360-hour night without needing 20 tons of batteries or resorting to a nuclear reactor.Īdded a water/hydrates drill to replenish water supplies. Or assuming Squad ever implements a stock system.Īt least with TAC:LS, there are multiple recycling options, and it isn't quite as simple as "strapping larger weights on" you can trade delta V for faster transits. ![]() I may re-visit life support mods after I've been everywhere in the Kerbin system stock. It just boils down to more resources that have weight that a given rocket needs to get to a given place. I used to use Snacks!, I rather liked it.Īt some point I realized that life support mods basically all do the same thing and that you could achieve the same game-play effect by strapping progressively larger weights to your rocket to increase the difficulty of going places. ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() On the next window that opens, click on “Show all locations.”Ĥ. Start “File Explorer” by pressing the “Windows” key + “E.”ĥ. Access your Windows user profile by going to This PC>Local Disk (C:)>Users.Ħ. Apply the following changes to sort your files: To get started with File Explorer on your Windows 10 computer, you can apply the following steps:ġ. Click on the “Start” button and type “indexing options.” Next, click on the app displayed in the search results.Ģ. Click on the “Modify” button. Below are steps to use each of these tools. The standard built-in tools to remove duplicate files on Windows 10 include File Explorer and Windows PowerShell. This may create space to store more data and speed up your computer in the long run. Since such files occupy some extra space, it’s wise to use an inbuilt tool to locate and remove them. Your Windows 10 computer comes with built-in tools to help delete duplicate files. How to Remove Duplicate Files on Windows 10 Using Built-in Tools We’ll look at each of these ways as follows. Using third-party software - EaseUS DupFiles Cleaner.This article will discuss 3 ways, including the following: There exist a couple of techniques and strategies to remove duplicate files on Windows 10. ![]() The best way to deal with such files is to trace and remove them from wherever they are on your computer. You may have file duplicates of photos, videos, audios, archives, documents, etc. These files are copies of already existing files on your device. 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High school diploma or equivalent college degree preferredĪdministrative assistant skills & proficiencies: Strong organizational and planning skillsĪt least 7 years of experience in the field or in a related area Knowledge of office management systems and proceduresĮxcellent time management skills and ability to multi-task and prioritize workĪttention to detail and problem solving skillsĮxcellent written and verbal communication skills Use the administrative assistant top skills and proficiencies below to help you effectively write your resume. Implement clerical duties and administrative processesĬonfirm restaurant reservations for senior staffĪ well-crafted resume skills section, highlighting your relevant skills for an administrative assistant position, will help your resume beat the applicant tracking system (ATS), which is the first step to getting your application noticed. Provide polite and professional communication Photocopy and print out documents on behalf of other colleagues Maintain up-to-date employee holiday records ![]() Oversee and supervise the work of junior staff Reply to email, telephone, or face to face inquiriesĭevelop and update administrative systems to make them more efficient Handle sensitive information in a confidential manner Maintain computer and manual filing systems Write letters and emails on behalf of other office staffīook conference calls, rooms, taxis, couriers, hotels, etc. Organize travel arrangements for senior managers Maintain professional and technical knowledge by attending educational workshops reviewing professional publications establishing personal networks participating in professional societiesĬontribute to team effort by accomplishing related results as neededĬarry out administrative duties such as filing, typing, copying, binding, scanning, etc. Maintain supplies inventory by checking stock to determine inventory level anticipating needed supplies placing and expediting orders for supplies verifying receipt of supplies Provide information by answering questions and requestsĭevelop administrative staff by providing information, educational opportunities, and experiential growth opportunitiesĮnsure operation of equipment by completing preventive maintenance requirements calling for repairs maintaining equipment inventories evaluating new equipment and techniques Produce and distribute correspondence memos, letters, faxes, and formsĪssist in the preparation of regularly scheduled reports Organize and schedule appointments and meetings Administrative assistant responsibilities: Typically reports to a manager or head of a unit/department. 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![]() ![]() ![]() If not set, a library appropriate for the target platform will be chosen.Īdjust compiler warning flags. Valid values are iconv, win32 and builtin¹. The default build settings are tuned for users - if you plan to make changes to Arx Libertatis you should append the -DDEVELOPER=1 option to the cmake command to enable debug output and fast incremental builds. See the Website for operating system-specific instructions. To build innoextract you will also need CMake 2.8 and a working C++ compiler, as well as the development headers for liblzma and boost. While innoextract can be built without liblzma by manually setting -DUSE_LZMA=OFF, it is highly recommended and you won't be able to extract most installers created by newer Inno Setup versions without it. The boost iostreams library needs to be build with zlib and bzip2 support. Older Boost version may work but are not actively supported. iconv ( optional, either as part of the system libc, as is the case with glibc and uClibc, or as a separate libiconv)įor Boost you will need the headers as well as the iostreams, filesystem, date_time, system and program_options libraries.Innoextract is available under the ZLIB license - see the LICENSE file. innoextract is able to unpack Wadjet Eye Games installers (to play with AGS), Arx Fatalis patches (for use with Arx Libertatis) as well as various other Inno Setup executables. In addition to standard Inno Setup installers, innoextract also supports some modified Inno Setup variants including Martijn Laan's My Inno Setup Extensions 1.3.10 to 3.0.6.1 as well as GOG.com's Inno Setup-based game installers. ![]() innoextract currently supports installers created by Inno Setup 1.2.10 to 6.2.1. innoextract allows to extract such installers under non-Windows systems without running the actual installer using wine. Inno Setup is a tool to create installers for Microsoft Windows applications. Innoextract - A tool to unpack installers created by Inno Setup ![]() |
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